Special thanks to the contributors of the open-source code that was used in this project: the UBY project mentioned above , mongodb and express. Currently, this is based on a version of wiktionary which is a few years old. I plan to update it to a newer version soon and that update should bring in a bunch of new word senses for many words or more accurately, lemma. Related Searches neither any however not that though only thus otherwise therefore rather then yet never or although each those them but as if none so one no it same all to.
You can use the relative pronouns "who" and "whoever" to refer to the subject of a clause or sentence, and "whom" and "whomever" to refer to the objects of a verb, a verbal or a preposition. In this sentence, the relative pronoun is the subject of the verb "wins" and introduces the subordinate clause "who wins the greatest popular vote. In this sentence "whom" is the direct object of the verb "believes" and introduces the subordinate clause "whom she believes to be the most efficient".
This subordinate clause modifies the noun "workers. In this example "which" acts as the subject of the compound verb "was left" and introduces the subordinate clause "which was left in the corridor.
Here "whichever" modifies the noun "manuscript" and introduces the subordinate clause "whichever manuscript arrives first. An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun referring to an identifiable but not specified person or thing. An indefinite pronoun conveys the idea of all, any, none, or some.
The most common indefinite pronouns are "all," "another," "any," "anybody," "anyone," "anything," "each," "everybody," "everyone," "everything," "few," "many," "nobody," "none," "one," "several," "some," "somebody," and "someone. Here too the indefinite pronoun functions as a direct object: "none" is the direct object of "found.
In this example, "everyone" is the indirect object of the verb "give" -- the direct object is the noun phrase "a copy of the amended bylaws. You can use a reflexive pronoun to refer back to the subject of the clause or sentence. The reflexive pronouns are "myself," "yourself," "herself," "himself," "itself," "ourselves," "yourselves," and "themselves.
Each of the highlighted words in the following sentences is a reflexive pronoun:. An intensive pronoun is a pronoun used to emphasise its antecedent. Intensive pronouns are identical in form to reflexive pronouns. An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words.
An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies. An adjective can be modified by an adverb, or by a phrase or clausefunctioning as an adverb. In the sentence. Some nouns, many pronouns, and many participle phrases can also act as adjectives. A possessive adjective "my," "your," "his," "her," "its," "our," "their" is similar or identical to a possessive pronoun; however, it is used as an adjective and modifies a noun or a noun phrase, as in the following sentences:.
In this sentence, the possessive adjective "my" modifies "assignment" and the noun phrase "my assignment" functions as an object. Note that the possessive pronoun form "mine" is not used to modify a noun or noun phrase. Here the possessive adjective "your" is used to modify the noun phrase "phone number"; the entire noun phrase "your phone number" is a subject complement.
Note that the possessive pronoun form "yours" is not used to modify a noun or a noun phrase. In this example, the possessive adjective "his" modifies the noun phrase "favourite type of bread" and the entire noun phrase "his favourite type of bread" is the direct object of the verb "sold. Here the possessive adjective "her" modifies the noun "homeland" and the noun phrase "her homeland" is the object of the preposition"to.
In this sentence, the possessive adjective "our" modifies "way" and the noun phrase "our way" is the direct object of the compound verb"have lost". Note that the possessive pronoun form "ours" is not used to modify nouns or noun phrases. Here the possessive adjective "their" modifies "parents" and the noun phrase "their parents" is the object of the preposition "by. In this sentence, the possessive adjective "its" modifies "ball" and the noun phrase "its ball" is the object of the verb "chased.
The demonstrative adjectives "this," "these," "that," "those," and "what" are identical to the demonstrative pronouns, but are used as adjectives to modify nouns or noun phrases, as in the following sentences:. In this sentence, the demonstrative adjective "that" modifies the noun "cord" and the noun phrase "that cord" is the object of the preposition "over. Here "this" modifies "apartment" and the noun phrase "this apartment" is the subject of the sentence. In the subordinate clause, "those" modifies "plates" and the noun phrase "those plates" is the object of the verb "preferred.
Note that the relationship between a demonstrative adjective and a demonstrative pronoun is similar to the relationship between a possessive adjective and a possessive pronoun, or to that between a interrogative adjective and an interrogative pronoun. An interrogative adjective "which" or "what" is like an interrogative pronoun, except that it modifies a noun or noun phrase rather than standing on its own see also demonstrative adjectives and possessive adjectives :.
Like other adjectives, "which" can be used to modify a noun or a noun phrase. In this example, "which" modifies "plants" and the noun phrase "which plants" is the subject of the compound verb "should be watered":. In this sentence, "what" modifies "book" and the noun phrase "what book" is the direct object of the compound verb "are reading.
An indefinite adjective is similar to an indefinite pronoun, except that it modifies a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase, as in the following sentences:. The indefinite adjective "many" modifies the noun "people" and the noun phrase "many people" is the subject of the sentence.
The indefinite adjective "any" modifies the noun "mail" and the noun phrase "any mail" is the direct object of the compound verb "will send.
In this example the indefinite adjective modifies the noun "goldfish" and the noun phrase is the direct object of the verb "found":. An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a clause. An adverb indicates manner, time, place, cause, or degree and answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how much".
While some adverbs can be identified by their characteristic "ly" suffix, most of them must be identified by untangling the grammatical relationships within the sentence or clause as a whole. Unlike an adjective, an adverb can be found in various places within the sentence. In this sentence, the adverb "quickly" modifies the verb "made" and indicates in what manner or how fast the clothing was constructed. Similarly in this sentence, the adverb "patiently" modifies the verb "waited" and describes the manner in which the midwives waited.
You can use a conjunctive adverb to join two clauses together. Some of the most common conjunctive adverbs are "also," "consequently," "finally," "furthermore," "hence," "however," "incidentally," "indeed," "instead," "likewise," "meanwhile," "nevertheless," "next," "nonetheless," "otherwise," "still," "then," "therefore," and "thus.
A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition.
A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence as in the following examples:. A prepositional phrase is made up of the preposition, its object and any associated adjectives or adverbs.
A prepositional phrase can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. The most common prepositions are "about," "above," "across," "after," "against," "along," "among," "around," "at," "before," "behind," "below," "beneath," "beside," "between," "beyond," "but," "by," "despite," "down," "during," "except," "for," "from," "in," "inside," "into," "like," "near," "of," "off," "on," "onto," "out," "outside," "over," "past," "since," "through," "throughout," "till," "to," "toward," "under," "underneath," "until," "up," "upon," "with," "within," and "without.
In this sentence, the preposition "without" introduces the noun "fear. Here, the preposition "throughout" introduces the noun phrase "the land. The preposition "along" introduces the noun phrase "the banister" and the prepositional phrase "along the banister" acts as an adverb, describing where the spider crawled.
Here the preposition "under" introduces the prepositional phrase "under the porch," which acts as an adverb modifying the compound verb "is hiding. Similarly in this sentence, the preposition "in" introduces a prepositional phrase "in his office," which acts as an adverb describing the location of the missing papers.
You can use a conjunction to link words, phrases, and clauses, as in the following example:. You use a co-ordinating conjunction "and," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "so," or "yet" to join individual words, phrases, and independent clauses. Note that you can also use the conjunctions "but" and "for" as prepositions.
In the following sentences, each of the highlighted words is a co-ordinating conjunction:. Here the co-ordinating conjunction "and" links two participle phrases "dancing on rooftops" and "swallowing goldfish" which act as adverbs describing the verb "spends. A subordinating conjunction introduces a dependent clause and indicates the nature of the relationship among the independent clause s and the dependent clause s.
The most common subordinating conjunctions are "after," "although," "as," "because," "before," "how," "if," "once," "since," "than," "that," "though," "till," "until," "when," "where," "whether," and "while.
Each of the highlighted words in the following sentences is a subordinating conjunction:. The subordinating conjunction "after" introduces the dependent clause "After she had learned to drive. Similarly, the subordinating conjunction "if" introduces the dependent clause "If the paperwork arrives on time. The subordinating conjunction "when" introduces the dependent clause "when his computer crashed. In this sentence, the dependent clause "because the mother and baby are exposed to fewer people and fewer germs" is introduced by the subordinating conjunction "because.
Correlative conjunctions always appear in pairs -- you use them to link equivalent sentence elements. The most common correlative conjunctions are "both In this sentence, the correlative conjunction "both Here the correlative conjunction "either Similarly, the correlative conjunction "whether In this example the correlative conjunction "not only An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion. It is not grammatically related to any other part of the sentence.
You usually follow an interjection with an exclamation mark. Interjections are uncommon in formal academic prose, except in direct quotations. Centre uOttawa. Contact the University. Jump to Main Content Jump to Navigation.
Login uoZone Brightspace VirtuO. Search uOttawa. Search one of the following. Entire site Library Employee directory. The Writing Centre. The parts of speech Traditional grammar classifies words based on eight parts of speech : the verb, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection. Books are made of ink, paper, and glue. In this sentence, "books" is a noun, the subject of the sentence. Deborah waits patiently while Bridget books the tickets.
Here "books" is a verb, and its subject is "Bridget. In this sentence, "walk" is a verb, and its subject is the pronoun "we. The town decided to build a new jail. Cheque or credit card — you can use either. Applications are welcomed from people of either sex and any age. It was a long time before either of them spoke. Most of the troublemakers were not supporters of either team.
Definition and synonyms of either from the online English dictionary from Macmillan Education. This is the British English definition of either. View American English definition of either. Each or every? East or eastern ; north or northern? Economic or economical? Efficient or effective? Elder , eldest or older , oldest? End or finish? Especially or specially? Except or except for? Expect , hope or wait? Experience or experiment? Fall or fall down? Far or a long way?
Farther , farthest or further , furthest? Fast , quick or quickly? Fell or felt? Female or feminine ; male or masculine? Finally , at last , lastly or in the end? First , firstly or at first? Fit or suit? Following or the following?
For or since? Forget or leave? Full or filled? Fun or funny? Get or go? Grateful or thankful? Hear or listen to? High or tall?
Historic or historical? House or home? How is …? If or when? If or whether? Ill or sick? Imply or infer? In the way or on the way? Late or lately? Lay or lie? Lend or borrow? Less or fewer? Look at , see or watch? Low or short? Man , mankind or people? Maybe or may be? Maybe or perhaps?
Nearest or next? Never or not … ever? Nice or sympathetic?
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