Avoid moving the syringe. Leaving the needle in place allows the medication to be displaced. Movement of the needle can cause additional discomfort for the patient. Once medication is completely injected, remove the needle using a smooth, steady motion.
Then release the skin. Using a smooth motion prevents any unnecessary pain to the patient. Do not massage site. Skip to content Chapter 7. Parenteral Medication Administration. How can you make an injection less painful for a patient? Name four techniques. When giving an IM injection, how can you avoid injury to a patient who is very thin? Previous: 7. Next: 7.
Share This Book Share on Twitter. Additional Information. The site involves the gluteus medius and minimus muscle and is the safest injection site for adults and children. The site provides the greatest thickness of gluteal muscles, is free from penetrating nerves and blood vessels, and has a thin layer of fat.
For the ventrogluteal muscle of an average adult, give up to 3 ml of medication. Ventrogluteal intramuscular injection site. The maximum amount of medication for a single injection is 3 ml. Vastus lateralis intramuscular injection site. The deltoid muscle has a triangular shape and is easy to locate and access, but is commonly underdeveloped in adults.
Begin by having the patient relax the arm. The patient can be standing, sitting, or lying down. To locate the landmark for the deltoid muscle, expose the upper arm and find the acromion process by palpating the bony prominence. The injection site is in the middle of the deltoid muscle, about 2.
To locate this area, lay three fingers across the deltoid muscle and below the acromion process. The injection site is generally three finger widths below, in the middle of the muscle. Deltoid intramuscular injection site Deltoid IM injection site. Disclaimer: Always review and follow your hospital policy regarding this specific skill.
Always wear gloves to administer injections. Although policy may vary from place to place, the CDC recommends wearing gloves if there is potential for contact with blood and body fluid. If required by agency policy, aspirate for blood prior to administering an IM medication. Upon injection, if a patient complains of radiating pain or a burning or a tingling sensation, remove the needle and discard.
Take all necessary steps to avoid interruptions and distractions when preparing and administering medications. NEVER recap needles after giving an injection. Apply the safety shield and dispose in the closest sharps container.
Perform hand hygiene. Hand hygiene prevents the spread of microorganisms. Hand hygiene with ABHR. Compare MAR to patient wristband and use two patient identifiers to confirm patient. Using two identifiers improves medication safety by ensuring you have selected the correct patient. Compare MAR to patient wristband. Assess patient data such as vital signs, laboratory values, and allergies before preparing and administering medications by injection.
Assess for any factors that may contraindicate an IM injection. Factors to look for include circulatory shock, surgery, or muscle atrophy. Citation: Shepherd E Injection technique 1: administering drugs via the intramuscular route. Nursing Times [online]; 8, Drugs administered by the intramuscular IM route are deposited into vascular muscle tissue, which allows for rapid absorption into the circulation Dougherty and Lister, ; Ogston-Tuck, These complications can be avoided if the site for injection is accurately identified and a skilled evidence-based technique is used Greenway, The procedure for IM injection has been discussed widely in the literature but there are concerns that nurses are still performing outdated and ritualistic practice relating to site selection, aspirating back on the syringe Greenway, and skin cleansing.
Traditionally the dorsogluteal DG muscle was used for IM injections but this muscle is in close proximity to a major blood vessel and nerves, with sciatic nerve injury a recognised complication Small, In addition, drug absorption from the DG muscle may be slower than other sites and this can lead to a build-up of drugs in the tissues and risk of overdose Malkin, Many patients find the use of the DG site intrusive and are reluctant to undress to give access to the relevant area.
For these reasons, the DG muscle is no longer recommended for IM injections — in spite of this, many nurses continue to use it Ogston-Tuck,; Walsh and Brophy, ; Malkin, Safety needles should be used for IM injections to reduce the risk of needle-stick injury Health and Safety Executive, Needle size is measured in gauges diameter of the needle.
A 21G is commonly used but selection depends on the viscosity of the liquid being injected Dougherty and Lister, Needles need to be long enough to ensure the drug is injected into the muscle; length depends on:. Women have more subcutaneous fat than men Zaybak et al, and consideration needs to be given to using longer needles for patients who are obese.
To inject into the vastus lateralis, the needle should go into the middle third on the outer portion of your thigh. To inject into the rectus femoris muscle, the needle should go in the middle third at the front of your thigh. Your ventrogluteal muscle is located near your hip. For injections in this site, you'll need a partner to do the injection for you. To find this site, lie on your back and have your partner stand facing your hips.
Have your partner place the heel of their hand so that their wrist is lined up with your thigh. Your partner's thumb should be pointed toward your groin and their fingers should be pointed toward your head. They should be able to feel the border of a bony area with their ring finger and pinkie. Next, your partner should spread their pointer finger and middle finger into a V and give the injection between those fingers. The dorsogluteal muscle is the large muscle located in your buttocks.
This injection site should also be accessed with the help of a partner. To find this site, divide one butt cheek into fourths, with two fourths side by side at the bottom and two on top. You will always want to give the injection in the outer, upper quadrant, almost toward the hip. Your healthcare provider will give you a prescription for your medication. You will also receive a prescription for the syringes and needles. A nurse or other healthcare provider can help you learn how to give yourself shots.
You may be asked to watch a video or practice on a doll. It is important to make sure you are comfortable with the technique before you start doing it yourself. There are a few ways to make sure your injections are safe and painless.
This includes:. Make sure to carefully feel for your selected muscle before giving yourself an injection. Find a comfortable position and try to relax your muscle as much as possible.
It is a good idea to alternate sites with each injection. This will help you avoid swelling and soreness. Some people may have an injury, wound, or other reason to avoid certain injection sites. If this is you, your healthcare provider may recommend a particular site for your shots.
A nurse or other healthcare provider can help you learn to give yourself a shot. Make sure you are comfortable with the technique before you try doing it yourself.
Watch out for side effects. These could include:. Report any concerns to your healthcare provider or nurse. There are four sites on your body that can be used to give yourself an injection. A sharps container is a red container that you can purchase at any pharmacy. Use a piece of gauze to apply light pressure to the injection site.
You can even massage the area to help the medicine be absorbed into the muscle. Use a bandage if necessary. But certain symptoms may be a sign of a more serious complication. Call your doctor or healthcare provider right away if you experience:. Read through the steps several times until you feel comfortable with the procedure, and take your time. When a medication is injected directly into muscle, it is called an intramuscular injection IM.
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Medically reviewed by Deborah Weatherspoon, Ph. Purpose Injection sites How-to Helpful tips Complications We include products we think are useful for our readers.
Overview An intramuscular injection is a technique used to deliver a medication deep into the muscles. What are intramuscular injections used for? Intramuscular injection sites.
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